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Views: 4 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2024-01-12 Origin: Site
what is color fastness: today we will tell you color fastness definition, important of color fastness . how many testing items of color fastness？
1. what is color fastness ?
Color fastness, also known as color fastness or color fastness. It refers to the resistance of the color of textiles to various effects during processing and use. Color fastness is the ability of a fabric or material to resist fading or running of color when exposed to various factors such as light, water, or rubbing. It is an important quality for textiles, clothing, and other materials that come in contact with water, sweat, or sunlight.Evaluate the fastness level based on the discoloration of the sample and the staining of the unstained lining fabric. The color fastness test of textiles is a routine testing item in the internal quality testing of textiles.
Textiles are subject to various external factors such as light, washing, ironing, sweat, friction, and chemical agents during their use. Some printed and dyed textiles also undergo special finishing processes, such as resin finishing, flame retardant finishing, sand washing, and sanding, which require the color of printed and dyed textiles to maintain a certain degree of fastness.
2. Important OF Color fastness
Good or poor color fastness directly affects human health and safety. Products with poor color fastness can cause pigment on the fabric to peel off and fade when exposed to rainwater and sweat during wear. The molecules of the dye and heavy metal ions can be absorbed by the skin and pose a threat to human skin health. On the other hand, it can also affect the staining of other clothing worn on the body or the staining of other clothing when washed.
Due to the significant differences in the conditions and requirements encountered during the processing and use of fabrics, most of the current testing methods are simulated or comprehensive tests based on the working environment and conditions. Therefore, the content of testing methods for dyeing fastness is quite extensive. However, looking at many standards such as the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the American Association of Colorists and Chemists (AATCC), Japan (JIS), and the United Kingdom (BS), the most commonly used ones are still those that are resistant to washing, light, friction, sweat, ironing, and climate. In practical work, the testing items are mainly determined based on the end use of the product and the product standards. For example, the standards for woolen textile products require testing for color fastness to sunlight, knitted underwear must be tested for color fastness to sweat, and outdoor textiles (such as sunshades, lightbox fabrics, and fluffy must be tested for color fastness to climate.
3. Testing items:
Color fastness Soap washing (sample), color fastness to friction, color fastness to chlorine water, color fastness to non chlorine bleaching, color fastness to dry cleaning, actual color fastness to washing (finished clothes, fabrics), color fastness to sweat, color fastness to water, color fastness to light, color fastness to sea water, and color fastness to saliva.
Color fastness to washing: The sample is sewn together with standard lining fabric, washed, cleaned, and dried, and washed under appropriate temperature, alkalinity, bleaching, and friction conditions to obtain test results in a short period of time. The frictional effect between them is achieved through the rolling and impact of a small bath ratio and an appropriate number of stainless steel beads, and the test results are obtained by rating with a gray card. Different testing methods have different temperature, alkalinity, bleaching and friction conditions, as well as sample sizes. The specific selection should be based on testing standards and customer requirements. Generally, colors with poor color fastness after washing include emerald orchid, bright orchid, black crimson, navy blue, etc.
Color fastness to PERSPIRATION TESTING: The color fastness is the same as that of water washing, except that water washing is changed to dry cleaning. The kit is used to determine color fastness to water and perspiration of textiles, etc.
Friction color fastness: Place the sample on a friction fastness tester and rub it with a standard friction white cloth under a certain pressure for a certain number of times. Each group of samples needs to be tested for dry and wet friction color fastness. The color on the standard friction white cloth is rated using a gray card, and the obtained level is the measured friction color fastness. Friction color fastness requires both dry and wet rubbing tests, and all colors on the sample must be rubbed.
Color fastness to weather: Textiles are usually exposed to light during use, which can damage dyes and cause well-known "fading", causing colored textiles to change color. Generally, they become lighter and darker, and some may also experience changes in color light. Therefore, it is necessary to test color fastness. Color fastness to sunlight test is to place the sample together with different levels of blue wool standard fabric under specified conditions for sunlight exposure, Compare the sample with blue wool fabric to evaluate its color fastness to light. The higher the grade of blue wool standard fabric, the better its light resistance.
Sweat color fastness: The sample is sewn together with standard lining fabric, treated in sweat solution, sandwiched onto a sweat resistant color fastness tester, placed in an oven at a constant temperature, then dried, graded with a gray card, and the test results are obtained. Different testing methods include different sweat stain ratios, different sample sizes, and different testing temperatures and times.
Color fastness to water stains: Test the water treated sample as above
Color fastness to chlorine bleaching: After washing the fabric in chlorine bleaching solution under certain conditions, the degree of color change is evaluated, which is the color fastness to chlorine bleaching.
Color fastness to hot pressing: After covering the dry sample with cotton lining fabric, apply pressure to a heating device at a specified temperature and pressure for a certain period of time, and then evaluate the color change of the sample and the staining of the lining fabric using a gray sample card. The color fastness of hot pressing includes dry pressing, wet pressing, and wet pressing, and the specific testing method should be selected according to different customer requirements and testing standards.
Salivary color fastness: The sample is adhered to the specified lining fabric, processed in artificial saliva, and the test solution is removed. It is placed between two plates in the testing device and subjected to the specified pressure,
4. Test category
The nature or degree of dyeing state variation can be expressed by dyeing fastness. The dyeing fastness of fabrics is related to the type of fibers, yarn structure, fabric structure, printing and dyeing methods, type of dyes, and the magnitude of external forces. The testing of color fastness generally includes color fastness to light, climate, washing, friction, and sweat. Sometimes, there are special requirements for color fastness according to different textiles or usage environments. When conducting color fastness tests, the degree of discoloration of the dye and the degree of staining on the substrate are usually considered. The color fastness rating is rated as level five, except for light fastness, which is level eight. The higher the level, the better the color fastness.
AIR-COOLED XENON ARC TESTER
Weather fastness refers to the degree to which colored fabrics change color under the influence of sunlight. The testing method is to compare the degree of fading of the sample after simulating sunlight exposure with the standard color sample, divided into 8 levels, with 8 levels being the best and 1 level being the worst. Fabric with poor sun fastness should not be exposed to sunlight for a long time, and should be placed in a well ventilated and dry place.
Washing fastness
Water washing or soap washing fastness refers to the degree of color change of dyed fabrics after washing with detergent. Usually, gray grading sample cards are used as evaluation criteria, which rely on the color difference between the original sample and the sample after fading for evaluation. The washing fastness is divided into 5 levels, with 5 levels being the best and 1 level being the worst. Fabric with poor washing fastness should be dry cleaned. If wet washing is performed, double attention should be paid to washing conditions, such as washing temperature should not be too high and time should not be too long.
Color fastness to rubbing
Rubbing fastness refers to the degree of color loss of dyed fabrics after friction, which can be both dry and wet friction. The rubbing fastness is evaluated based on the degree of white cloth staining, which is divided into 5 levels. The larger the value, the better the rubbing fastness
Color Fastness to sublimation
It refers to the degree of sublimation phenomenon that occurs during storage of dyed fabrics. The dyeing fastness of normal fabrics generally requires a level of 3-4 to meet the wearing needs
5.How to distinguish various kinds of Color Fastness？
When distinguish color fastness, it is necessary to comprehensively assess the changes in the three attributes of color, namely hue, brightness, and purity. Hue refers to the appearance of a color. Among the three attributes, hue can be used to distinguish colors. Depending on the different wavelengths of light, colors have properties such as red, yellow, or green, which is called hue. According to the degree of reflection of light on the surface of an object, the brightness of a color will vary, and the brightness of this color is called brightness. Purity refers to the degree of saturation of colors. The simpler the wavelength of the light wave, the higher the hue purity, and vice versa, the lower the purity.
Instrument rating: The principle of instrument rating is to use the absolute reflectance of a known standard whiteboard to calibrate, determine the spectral power distribution of the sample reflection or its own reflectance characteristics, and then calculate the tristimulus value, chromaticity coordinates, CIELAB uniform color space, etc. of the object under the standard illumination body based on the spectral measurement data. It is then converted into a series of gray card numbers for color change and color fastness through a series of formulas
When rating with eyes, it is required that the background should be neutral gray, approximately between the 1st and 2nd levels of the gray sample card (approximately the N5 of the Munsell color card). The lighting conditions should be sunny north daylight (9:00-15:00), or an equivalent light source with an illuminance of 600lx or above. The incident light should be at an angle of approximately 45 º to the surface of the textile, and the observation direction should be roughly perpendicular to the surface of the textile. The color of the cover plate for the original sample and the test sample should be consistent, preferably neutral, gray, or black, with roughly the same size and shape. Rating personnel should wear neutral gray work clothes, and the rating process should avoid the influence of environmental colors.
Color fastness for color change : Compare Compare the AATCC OR ISO grey scale with the original sample to see which level of color change is closest to the gray card. here we will use AATCC Grey scale for color change or AATCC grey scale for color staining ( of course ISO grey scale for color change or ISO grey scale for color staining)
Color fastness for color stainning: Compare the AATCC OR ISO grey scale with the original sample to see which level of color change is closest to the gray card
6. Color Fastness machine
To measure color fastness, a color fastness machine is often used. This machine simulates different conditions that fabrics may face during use, such as washing, exposure to sunlight, and friction. The color fastness machine is able to determine the degree of color loss or change that occurs under these conditions, and provides an objective measurement of a fabric's color fastness.
There are several types of color fastness machines available on the market, each with their own unique features and specifications. Some of the most popular models include the Grey Scale for Color Change, the Crockmeter for Rubbing Fastness, and the Xenon Arc Lamp for Light Fastness.
BZGY908 Series Color assessment cabinet
For color fastness test, close and accurate color matching of textiles in dyeing and garment industry.
Model No. | BZGY908A | BZGY908B | BZGY908C | BZGY908D | |||||
Light Sources & Power | D65 | 2 x 18W | 2 x 18W | 2 x 18W | 2 x 36W | ||||
UV | 1 x 18W | 1 x 18W | 1 x 18W | 1 x 36W | |||||
TL84 | 2 x 18W | 2 x 18W | 2 x 18W | 2 x 36W | |||||
F/A | 4 x 40W | 4 x 40W | 4 x 40W | 6 x 40W | |||||
CWF | 2 x 18W | —— | 2 x 18W | 2 x 36W | |||||
TL83/U30 | 2 x 18W | —— | —— | 2 x 36W | |||||
Y571 Series Crockmeter (Rubbing Fastness Tester)
To determine the color fastness of textiles (pile fabrics excluded) to dry or wet rubbing. is designed to determine the color fastness of textiles to dry or wet rubbing, and provided with a crocking finger with a downward force of 9 Newton and the facility for mounting standard crocking fabric. A pinned acrylic sample holder ensures rapid sample mounting and repeatability of results. It is electronically driven to minimize operator variation.
STANDARDS
STANDARDS | ISO 105 X12, ISO 105 D02 | AATCC 8, AATCC 165 |
Y571J Color Fastness (Gakushin) Tester
A six-station rubbing tester used to determine the color fastness of textiles to rubbing.
Color Fastness (Gakushin) Tester is a six-station rubbing tester used to determine the color fastness of textiles to rubbing. It consists of specimen stage, rubbing head, loading arm, horizontal reciprocation device, etc. Mount specimens on the specimen stage and undyed cotton cloths for rubbing on the rubbing head by abrasive clamps. After reciprocating rubbing motion for a specified number of times under certain conditions, the change in color of the specimens or the staining of the undyed cotton cloth can be assessed.
STANDARDS | JIS L0801, L0849 (Type II), L0862 (Type II), L1084 |
SW SERIALS Color Fastness to Washing Tester
To determine the color fastness to washing or dry cleaning of fabrics consisting of cotton, wool, silk, ramie, chemical fiber, etc.
YG605 Series Scorch and Sublimation Tester
To determine the color fastness to hot pressing and dry heat and to conduct sublimation tests.
Scorch and Sublimation Tester is used to determine the color fastness to hot pressing and dry heat and to conduct sublimation tests. Providing controlled conditions of dry heat and pressure with top and bottom heated surfaces, electronic temperature controller and carefully controlled top plate weight.
STANDARDS | AATCC 114, 117, 133 | JIS L0850, L0879 |
YG631M & Y902H Color Fastness to Perspiration Testing Kit
Used to determine color fastness to water and perspiration of textiles, etc.
Color fastness to perspiration testing kit consists of two parts: color fastness to perspiration tester and precision oven for perspiration testing. The kit is used to determine color fastness to water and perspiration of textiles, etc.
STANDARDS | AATCC 15, 106, 107, 165 | |
GB/T 3922, 5713, 5714 | JIS L 0846, 0847, 0848 |
FY3600+ Water-cooled Light Weather
To determine the color fastness and aging to sunlight, weather resistance, compound color fastness to sunlight-sweat of colored textile, leather, leatheroid, plastic, etc.
Water-cooled Weather Conditions Meter. To determine the color fastness and aging to sunlight, weather resistance, compound color fastness to sunlight-sweat of colored textile, leather, leatheroid, plastic, etc, by setting various parameters of irradiance, temperature, humidity, spray to simulate natural condition in lab. Be able to control irradiance real-time, automatically inspect and compensate irradiance, temperature, humidity.
Related Standards:
STANDARDS | ISO 105-B02/B04/B06, 4892-2, 11341 | AATCC TM16, TM169 ASTM G155-1/155-4 | JIS L0843 GMW 3414, SAEJ1960/1885, JASOM346, PV1303 |
YG611M Xenon Weatherometer
To simulate and strengthen sunlight spectrum that reaches the ground by using xenon arc lamp as light source, and supplemented by temperature control and water spray conditions.
Air-Cooled Xenon Arc Tester is used to determine the color fastness and aging to sunlight, weather resistance, compound color fastness to sunlight-perspiration of colored textile, leather, leatheroid, plastic, etc, by setting various parameters of irradiance, temperature, humidity, spray to simulate natural condition in lab. Be able to control irradiance real-time, automatically inspect and compensate irradiance, temperature and humidity.
RELATED STANDARD:
STANDARDS | ISO 105-B02/B04/B06 | ASTM G155-1/155-4 | GB/T 8427/8430 |
AATCC 16/169 | JIS L0843 | GMW 3414 |
YG611CS Carbon Arc Weather Conditions Meter
To simulate outdoor conditions, such as sunlight, temperature, humidity and rain; this instrument accelerates degradation of samples so as to estimate the life of products and materials in a short time. It’s widely used in the field of textile, leather, plastic,
CARBON ARC WEATHER CONDITIONS METER. Artificially simulating outdoor conditions, such as sunlight, temperature, humidity and rain, this instrument accelerates degradation of samples so as to estimate the life of products and materials in a short time.
Ultra long-life carbon rods (4 pairs) can light continuously for about 78 hours and it can set various parameters of irradiance, temperature, humidity, spray to simulate natural condition in lab. It’s widely used in the field of textile, leather, plastic, etc.
Related Standards:
STANDARDS | ISO 4892-1 | AATCC16－1,2 | NCCA |
JIS A1415 | JIS B7753 | JIS D0205 | |
JIS G3312 | JIS H86885 | JIS K2246 | |
JIS K5400 | JIS Z9117 | ASTM G23 |
When selecting a color fastness machine, it is important to consider the specific needs of your industry or application. For example, if you are testing materials for outdoor use, a machine that simulates UV exposure would be necessary. Similarly, if you are testing clothing that will be washed frequently, a machine that can simulate the effects of washing would be ideal.
Overall, color fastness is an important factor to consider when selecting materials for various applications. Investing in a reliable color fastness machine can help ensure that products meet desired quality standards and provide long-lasting performance .
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